这篇文章以具体的示例来介绍一下从CentOS 7升级值CentOS 8的方法。
事前准备
最小化安装CentOS 7,具体版本如下所示:7.6.1810
[root@liumiao ~]# uname -aLinux devops 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@liumiao ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@liumiao ~]#
步骤1: 安装epel-relase、yum-utils和rpmconf
执行命令:
yum install yum-utils epel-release -y
执行日志如下所示:
...省略======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Installing: epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k yum-utils noarch 1.1.31-52.el7 base 121 kInstalling for dependencies: libxml2-python x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base 247 k python-chardet noarch 2.2.1-3.el7 base 227 k python-kitchen noarch 1.1.1-5.el7 base 267 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Install 2 Packages (+3 Dependent packages)...省略
安装命令:
yum install rpmconf -y
安装日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# yum install rpmconf -y...省略======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Installing: rpmconf noarch 0.3.4-1.el7 epel 21 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package...省略Complete![root@liumiao ~]#
步骤2: 安装前检查
检查配置:rpmconf -a
执行日志如下所示,如有选择直接使用缺省设定。
[root@liumiao ~]# rpmconf -a[root@liumiao ~]#
检查叶节点:列出和其他RPM没有依赖的软件包
[root@liumiao ~]# package-cleanup --leavesLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorlibsysfs-2.1.0-16.el7.x86_64[root@liumiao ~]#
检查不再提供的软件包:列出当前仓库中不提供升级的软件包信息
[root@liumiao ~]# package-cleanup --orphansLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: ap.stykers.moeGeoIP-1.5.0-13.el7.x86_64...省略yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch[root@liumiao ~]#
步骤3: 安装dnf 并执行dnf update
CentOS 8使用dnf作为缺省的包管理工具,使用yum安装自己的替代工具dnf并删除自己。
安装命令:
yum install dnf -y
执行日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# yum install dnf -y...省略======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Installing: dnf noarch 4.0.9.2-1.el7_6 extras 357 kInstalling for dependencies: deltarpm x86_64 3.6-3.el7 base 82 k dnf-data noarch 4.0.9.2-1.el7_6 extras 51 k libcomps x86_64 0.1.8-12.el7 extras 75 k libdnf x86_64 0.22.5-1.el7_6 extras 533 k libmodulemd x86_64 1.6.3-1.el7 extras 141 k librepo x86_64 1.8.1-7.el7 base 81 k libreport-filesystem x86_64 2.1.11-43.el7.centos base 40 k libsolv x86_64 0.6.34-4.el7 base 329 k libyaml x86_64 0.1.4-11.el7_0 base 55 k python-enum34 noarch 1.0.4-1.el7 base 52 k python2-dnf noarch 4.0.9.2-1.el7_6 extras 414 k python2-hawkey x86_64 0.22.5-1.el7_6 extras 68 k python2-libcomps x86_64 0.1.8-12.el7 extras 47 k python2-libdnf x86_64 0.22.5-1.el7_6 extras 608 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package (+14 Dependent packages)...省略[root@liumiao ~]#
清除yum:
dnf -y remove yum yum-metadata-parser && rm -rf /etc/yum
执行日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# dnf -y remove yum yum-metadata-parserDependencies resolved.======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Removing: yum noarch 3.4.3-161.el7.centos @System 5.6 M yum-metadata-parser x86_64 1.1.4-10.el7 @System 57 kRemoving dependent packages: yum-plugin-fastestmirror noarch 1.1.31-50.el7 @System 53 k yum-utils noarch 1.1.31-52.el7 @System 337 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Remove 4 PackagesFreed space: 6.0 MRunning transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Erasing : yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch 1/4 Erasing : yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch 2/4 Erasing : yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch 3/4 Erasing : yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch 1/4 Verifying : yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch 3/4 Verifying : yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch 4/4Removed: yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch Complete![root@liumiao ~]# ls /etc/yumpluginconf.d protected.d vars[root@liumiao ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum[root@liumiao ~]#
就像使用yum update那样使用dnf update进行更新。
[root@liumiao ~]# dnf upgradeExtra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 5.6 MB/s | 16 MB 00:02 CentOS-7 - Base 3.5 MB/s | 10 MB 00:02 CentOS-7 - Updates 2.9 MB/s | 5.4 MB 00:01 CentOS-7 - Extras 40 kB/s | 251 kB 00:06 ...省略======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Upgrading: epel-release noarch 7-12 epel 15 k ...省略 tzdata noarch 2019c-1.el7 updates 493 kInstalling dependencies: bind-export-libs x86_64 32:9.11.4-9.P2.el7 base 1.1 M geoipupdate x86_64 2.5.0-1.el7 base 35 k kernel x86_64 3.10.0-1062.4.3.el7 updates 50 MTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Install 3 PackagesUpgrade 164 PackagesTotal download size: 259 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages: ...省略 Installed: bind-export-libs-32:9.11.4-9.P2.el7.x86_64 geoipupdate-2.5.0-1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1062.4.3.el7.x86_64 Complete![root@liumiao ~]#
使用dnf更新CentOS 8的包
执行日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# dnf -y upgrade http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64.rpmExtra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 4.3 MB/s | 16 MB 00:03 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Wed 20 Nov 2019 07:58:07 AM EST.centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64.rpm 13 kB/s | 26 kB 00:01 Dependencies resolved.======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Upgrading: centos-release x86_64 8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8 @commandline 26 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Upgrade 1 PackageTotal size: 26 kDownloading Packages:Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Upgrading : centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : centos-release-7-7.1908.0.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : centos-release-7-7.1908.0.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2Upgraded: centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 Complete![root@liumiao ~]#
更新epel仓库
执行日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# dnf -y upgrade https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpmExtra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 578 kB/s | 16 MB 00:28 CentOS-8 - Base 635 kB/s | 7.9 MB 00:12 CentOS-8 - Extras 1.7 kB/s | 2.1 kB 00:01 CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.3 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:04 epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 7.7 kB/s | 21 kB 00:02 Dependencies resolved.======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Upgrading: epel-release noarch 8-7.el8 @commandline 21 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================================Upgrade 1 PackageTotal size: 21 kDownloading Packages:Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Upgrading : epel-release-8-7.el8.noarch 1/2 Cleanup : epel-release-7-12.noarch 2/2 Verifying : epel-release-8-7.el8.noarch 1/2 Verifying : epel-release-7-12.noarch 2/2Upgraded: epel-release-8-7.el8.noarch Complete![root@liumiao ~]#
此时确认版本信息,已经发生了变化
[root@liumiao ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core) [root@liumiao ~]#
步骤4: 删除无用文件和CentOS 7的内核并安装CentOS 8的内核
删除无用的临时文件:dnf clean all
执行日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# dnf clean all62 files removed[root@liumiao ~]#
删除CentOS 7的旧核: rpm -e `rpm -q kernel`
执行日志如下所示:
[root@liumiao ~]# rpm -e `rpm -q kernel`[root@liumiao ~]#
确认删除冲突的包
[root@liumiao ~]# rpm -e --nodeps sysvinit-tools[root@liumiao ~]#
更新CentOS 8系统
[root@liumiao ~]# dnf -y --releasever=8 --allowerasing --setopt=deltarpm=false distro-syncExtra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 2.0 MB/s | 3.5 MB 00:01 CentOS-8 - Base 160 kB/s | 7.9 MB 00:50 CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.6 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:03 CentOS-8 - Extras 950 B/s | 2.1 kB 00:02 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Wed 20 Nov 2019 08:09:51 AM EST.Dependencies resolved.======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Upgrading: rpmconf noarch 1.0.20-1.el8 epel 26 k...省略Removed: deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 libselinux-python-2.5-14.1.el7.x86_64 libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 newt-python-0.52.15-4.el7.x86_64 python-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64 python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch python-firewall-0.6.3-2.el7_7.2.noarch python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch python-libs-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64 python-linux-procfs-0.4.11-4.el7.noarch python-schedutils-0.4-6.el7.x86_64 python-slip-0.4.0-4.el7.noarch python-slip-dbus-0.4.0-4.el7.noarch python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch python2-dnf-4.0.9.2-1.el7_6.noarch python2-hawkey-0.22.5-1.el7_6.x86_64 python2-libcomps-0.1.8-12.el7.x86_64 python2-libdnf-0.22.5-1.el7_6.x86_64 pyxattr-0.5.1-5.el7.x86_64 rpm-python-4.11.3-40.el7.x86_64 systemd-sysv-219-67.el7_7.2.x86_64 Complete![root@liumiao ~]#
此时通过uname -a确认内核状态,仍是3.10.
[root@liumiao ~]# uname -aLinux devops 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@liumiao ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core) [root@liumiao ~]#[/code]由于前文已经更新,此时如执行dnf -y install kernel-core会提示already updated,接下来更新一下CentOS 8的最小化安装的相关package,执行如下命令即可:[code][root@liumiao ~]# dnf -y groupupdate "Core" "Minimal Install"Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:34 ago on Wed 20 Nov 2019 08:09:51 AM EST.Dependencies resolved.======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size========================================================================================================================================Installing group/module packages: dnf-plugin-spacewalk noarch 2.8.5-11.module_el8.0.0+180+337688dc AppStream 24 k dnf-plugins-core noarch 4.0.2.2-3.el8 BaseOS 59 k...省略[root@liumiao ~]#
步骤5: 重启系统
重启之后即可确认内核和版本文件信息均已升至最新
[root@liumiao ~]# uname -aLinux devops 4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 24 11:32:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@liumiao ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core) [root@liumiao ~]#
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的将CentOS7升级至CentOS8的详细方法教程,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对17站长网的支持!